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We've long known that animal pollination is an important way plants reproduce on land, but we're only JUST finding out animals also pollinate plants underwater.

LEARN MORE

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

• Zoophily: a form of pollination whereby pollen is transferred by animals
• Hydrophily: a type of pollination in which pollen is dispersed by the flow of water
• Seaweed: massive, multicellular algae
• Spermatia: a nonmotile male gamete of red alga

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CREDITS

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Kate Yoshida | Script Writer, Narrator and Director Arcadi Garcia i Rius | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music

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OUR STAFF

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Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Cameron Duke Arcadi Garcia i Rius • David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida

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REFERENCES

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Lavaut, E., Guillemin, M. L., Colin, S., Faure, A., Coudret, J., Destombe, C., & Valero, M. (2022). Pollinators of the sea: A discovery of animal-mediated fertilization in seaweed. Science, 377(6605), 528-530. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo6661

Ollerton, J., & Ren, Z. X. (2022). Did pollination exist before plants?. Science, 377(6605), 471-472. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add3198

van Tussenbroek, B. I., Monroy-Velazquez, L. V., & Solis-Weiss, V. (2012). Meso-fauna foraging on seagrass pollen may serve in marine zoophilous pollination. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 469, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10072

Van Tussenbroek, B. I., Villamil, N., Márquez-Guzmán, J., Wong, R., Monroy-Velázquez, L. V., & Solis-Weiss, V. (2016). Experimental evidence of pollination in marine flowers by invertebrate fauna. Nature communications, 7(1), 12980. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12980