Volcanoes might seem like an unstoppable force of nature - but there is at least one OTHER force on Earth that seems to be able to keep them down.

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

• Decompression Melting: Mantle melting that involves the upward movement of Earth's mostly-solid mantle.
• Flux Melting: Melting that occurs when water and other volatile components are introduced to hot solid rock.
• Glaciation: the process, condition, or result of being covered by glaciers or ice sheets.
• Magma: Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.

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CREDITS

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Cameron Duke | Script Writer, Narrator and Director Sarah Berman and Lizah van der Aart | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music

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Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Cameron Duke Arcadi Garcia i Rius • David Goldenberg • Melissa Hayes Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida

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REFERENCES

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Aubry, Thomas J., et al. “Impact of Climate Change on Volcanic Processes: Current Understanding and Future Challenges.” Bulletin of Volcanology, vol. 84, no. 6, 18 May 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01562-8

Cooper, Claire L., et al. “Evaluating the Relationship between Climate Change and Volcanism.” Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 177, 1 Feb. 2018, pp. 238–247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.009

Huybers, Peter, and Charles Langmuir. “Feedback between Deglaciation, Volcanism, and Atmospheric CO2.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 286, no. 3-4, Sept. 2009, pp. 479–491, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.014

Huybers, Peter, and Charles H. Langmuir. “Delayed CO2 Emissions from Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanism as a Possible Cause of Late-Pleistocene Glacial Cycles.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 457, Jan. 2017, pp. 238–249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.021

Jull, M., and D. McKenzie. “The Effect of Deglaciation on Mantle Melting beneath Iceland.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 101, no. B10, 10 Oct. 1996, pp. 21815–21828, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb01308

Maclennan, J., et al. “The Link between Volcanism and Deglaciation in Iceland.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol. 3, no. 11, Nov. 2002, pp. 1–25, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gc000282

Praetorius, Summer, et al. “Interaction between Climate, Volcanism, and Isostatic Rebound in Southeast Alaska during the Last Deglaciation.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 452, 15 Oct. 2016, pp. 79–89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.033

Rawson, Harriet, et al. “The Magmatic and Eruptive Response of Arc Volcanoes to Deglaciation: Insights from Southern Chile.” Geology, vol. 44, no. 4, 24 Feb. 2016, pp. 251–254, https://doi.org/10.1130/g37504.1

Swindles, Graeme T., et al. “Climatic Control on Icelandic Volcanic Activity during the Mid-Holocene.” Geology, vol. 46, no. 1, 1 Jan. 2018, pp. 47–50, https://doi.org/10.1130/G39633.1

Watt, Sebastian F.L., et al. “The Volcanic Response to Deglaciation: Evidence from Glaciated Arcs and a Reassessment of Global Eruption Records.” Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 122, July 2013, pp. 77–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.007