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Recent meetings and agreements between the UK, France and Germany have sparked speculation that the E3 Group could one again be leading Europe's policy. In this video, we'll discuss how relations have shifted over time and what they're trying to achieve.

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Sources:

E3 Group Revival https://www.chathamhouse.org/2025/07/after-brexit-e3-new-treaty-puts-uk-germany-and-france-back-heart-european-security https://theweek.com/politics/uk-germany-treaty-starmer-brexit-reset https://www.ft.com/content/fb29477b-6212-4974-963f-530e96491a29 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/07/17/how-the-triangle-is-plotting-the-future-of-european-defence/

E3 Group Background https://ukandeu.ac.uk/the-facts/what-is-the-e3/ https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/files/Brattberg_E3_KeyStatements_table1.pdf

UK-Germany Kensington Treaty https://www.gov.uk/government/news/treaty-between-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland-and-the-federal-republic-of-germany-on-friendship-and-bilateral-cooperation https://www.gov.uk/government/news/friendship-and-bilateral-cooperation-treaty-the-17-projects-the-uk-and-germany-will-deliver-together https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-germany-protect-attack-defense-keir-starmer-friedrich-merz-europe-nato-alliance/

UK-France Migration Deal https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uks-starmer-hopes-migration-win-summit-with-macron-2025-07-09/

France-Germany Joint Defence Council https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/05/07/germany-and-france-to-set-up-joint-defence-and-security-council

Merz Comments about US https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-free-rider-us-defense-germany-friedrich-merz-donald-trump-nato/ https://www.ft.com/content/8be43051-bfcf-4664-9143-f9fe582c2f3a