Understanding the animals we're trying to keep out has helped us build "biological fences"

CREDITS

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Production and Writing Team: Alex Reich, Peter Reich, Emily Elert, Ever Salazar, Kate Yoshida, and Henry Reich Music by Nathaniel Schroeder

MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info

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REFERENCES

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Ausband, D.E. 2010. Pilot study report for using a biofence to manipulate wolf pack movements in central Idaho. Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. http://www.umt.edu/mcwru/personnel/ausband/docs/biofence_pilot_test_report_2010.pdf

Ausband, D.E.  (2011) Biofence: A Novel, Non-Lethal Tool for Deterring Wolf/Livestock Conflicts. Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. https://awionline.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/wild-csaward-biofence-070411.pdf

Beachy R.N. (1997) Mechanisms and applications of pathogen-derived resistance in transgenic plants. Current Opinions in Biotechnology 8(2): 215–220. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9079736

Beachy R.N., Loesch-Fries S., and Tumer N. (1990) Coat protein-mediated resistance against virus infection Annual Review of Phytopathology 28: 451-472. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.py.28.090190.002315?journalCode=phyto

Ferreira, S.A., Pitz, K.Y., Manshardt, R., Zee, F., Fitch, M., and Gonsalves, D. (2002) Virus coat protein transgenic papaya provides practical control of papaya ringspot virus in Hawaii. Plant Disease 86: 101–105. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.2.101

Gonsalves, D. and Ferreira, S. (2003) Transgenic papaya: a case for managing risks of papaya ringspot virus in Hawaii. Plant Health Progress. http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=2913&content=PDF

King, L.E., Douglas-Hamilton, I. and Vollrath, F. (2011) Beehive fences as effective deterrents for crop-raiding elephants: field trials in northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 49(4): 431-39. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01275.x/abstract

King, L.E., Lawrence, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I. and Vollrath, F. (2009) Beehive fence deters crop-raiding elephants. African Journal of Ecology 47(2): 131–137. http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/publications/downloads/king2009-beehive.pdf

OTHER CREDITS

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Deer jumping over fence Footage by: Youtube user musselshell youtube.com/watch?v=eV23yzJIPWo

Cow Peeing Photo by: Richard Bartz http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bos_taurus_taurus_peeing.jpg

Bos Taurus sideview Photo by: Richard Bartz http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bos_taurus_taurus_sideview.JPG

Bos Taurus sideview 2 Photo by: Wikimedia user Irmgard http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simmentaler_Fleckvieh.jpg

Sagalla beehive fence Photo by: Lucy King http://www.elephantsandbees.com

Timber_wolves_fighting Photo by: Martin Cathrae http://www.flickr.com/photos/suckamc/6980791925/

Timber_wolves Photo by: Martin Cathrae http://www.flickr.com/photos/suckamc/6980791925/

Papaya Guanica Photo by: David Jenkins / EntomologyLabPR http://entomologylabpr.blogspot.com/2013/02/what-does-aphid-see-implications-for.html

Elephant Photo by: Wkimedia user Charlesjsharp http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:African_Elephant_walking.JPG

Bee Photo by: Bob Peterson http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honey_Bee_on_Willow_Catkin_(5419305106).jpg