Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_UgZjGFV9o Railways Explained

Discover how the European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) has revolutionized train control and signaling across Europe, paving the way for global adoption. This video dives deep into the origins, principles, and challenges of implementing this groundbreaking system.

🚄 What’s in this video? • Origins of ERTMS: The history of a unified system aimed at overcoming Europe’s fragmented railway infrastructure. • Core Components: How ETCS and GSM-R work together to ensure safe and efficient rail operations. • Levels and Baselines: An explanation of ERTMS configurations and their evolution, including the latest Baseline 4. • Global Impact: How ERTMS expanded beyond Europe to become a worldwide standard in rail signaling. • Challenges and Costs: The hurdles of implementation, including costs for infrastructure managers and operators. With over 104,000 km of track and 26,000 vehicles equipped globally, ERTMS has transformed rail systems far beyond Europe. This video also touches on how countries like China and South Korea have adapted and innovated on the system for their unique needs.